More rarely the supply can be via an aortopulmonary window, the fifth aortic arch, or fistulas between the coronary and pulmonary arteries.
Therefore, the study was interpreted as positive for pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas whenever echo contrast was seen to fill the left atrium from the pulmonary veins.
Furthermore, the unknown vasodilator may flow to the systemic arteries without metabolization, and may induce systemic fistulas in similar fashion.
Percutaneous transcatheter occlusion of coronary artery fistulas using detachable balloons.
The third patient was alive 6 years after detection of the pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in spite of severe cyanosis.
They had high output fistulas and long periods of drainage.
Instead, they pass directly to the lungs, the heart and the other organs, then stimulating the formation of arteriovenous fistulas.
In the 4 patients in whom contrast echocardiography showed no early left atrial contrast, invasive investigation failed to reveal fistulas.
