Therefore, during the simulation of our models, we take samples from individual calves according to the actual sampling dates.
Therefore, we introduce calves into our models according to their actual dates of birth.
Weaned beef and dairy calves have been reported to have a higher prevalence of infection than unweaned calves [22, 25, 44].
Even more prominent differences were observed between calves infected with the above-mentioned isolates.
The parasite mainly affects first grazing season calves causing diarrhoea, malabsorption of nutrients and, in severe cases, death.
Evidence for genetic control of nematode eggshedding rates in calves.
Nevertheless, calves from all groups developed serious disease following the challenge infection.
Finally, although a substantial degree of immunity was induced by the primary infection, it was insufficient to protect calves from lungworm disease after challenge.
