0 a man who is not as successful or powerful as other men
However, in trios, the female and alpha male invest more care in chicks than does the beta male.
In some species of birds, males pair up in twos when courting, the beta male aiding the alpha male.
Common chimpanzees have an omnivorous diet that includes troop hunting behaviour based on beta males being led by an alpha male.
Females can spawn eggs in deeper crests, allowing beta males to fertilize some of the clutch without being harassed by the alpha male.
There is only ever one alpha male, but, depending on species, there may be one or two beta males.
Pay-to-stay occurs when beta males help alpha males and females in order to be allowed to stay in the nesting site.
Also, beta males will continue to help the nest even when a new alpha male takes over the site to avoid being evicted.
However, in some cases, females can be the largest, followed by the alpha male, and then beta males.
