0 a person who has been trained for travelling in space
1 a person who is trained for traveling in spacecraft
A major challenge for astronauts is the low-gravity, or micro-gravity environment, which means they must re-learn how to move the body.
Although scientists have learned how to solve these problems through exercise, diet, and medicines, astronauts who spend long periods of time in micro-gravity conditions still find they are very weak when they return to Earth’s higher gravity.
Astronauts often sleep tied into special beds so they do not hurt themselves while they are unconscious.
Gold is used to protect astronauts from the brightness and heat of the sun.
Many early achievements were Russian, such as the first rocket to orbit the Earth (1957), the first astronaut (Yuri Gagarin, 1961), and the first woman in space (Valentina Tereshkova, 1963).
Polyakov’s experiences showed that astronauts could spend long periods of time in space without suffering long-term problems, although there are still questions about whether humans could live for many years in this kind of environment.
To prepare themselves for this environment, astronauts spend months training underwater.
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