0 a noun made from the form of a verb that ends with -ing, for example 'fishing' in 'John loves fishing.' -- герундий
These and other participial constructions recorded in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries thus bear a close surface resemblance to some of the gerunds under discussion.
In the entire data set, only two bare nominal gerunds with to function as purpose adjuncts, which is hardly enough to speak of replacement.
Moreover, if a verb such as beware, must, and so on lacks the gerund form, it lacks the present-participial form as well and vice versa.
In either case the two gerunds are symmetrically coordinated or parallel, in that each one could be construed as being in construction with the auxiliary.
The increase in the frequency of -ndo constructions relative to lone-standing gerunds is highly significant.
To start with, one's and oneself are in frequent use with to-infinitives and gerunds, or with an impersonal or exterior subject.
With other prepositions, definite nominal gerunds remain relatively marginal throughout the period examined.
A few final words are in place concerning combinations of definite nominal gerunds with to.
