Примеры pollution

• The following two examples outline cases where the gross pollution function does not exhibit constant returns to scale.

• In regions with higher pollution levy rates, firms tend to have lower pollution intensity.

• In many developing countries, pollution control regulations are formulated at the national level, but their enforcement is the responsibility of local environmental protection bureaus.

• As industrial production has fallen so have associated negative externalities, leading to reductions in air, water, soil, and noise pollution.

• The theory of pollution havens is straightforward; however, empirical evidence for their existence is mixed.

• It is also not unique in suffering high levels of air and water pollution and facing severe threats to its biological resources.

• Over two-thirds of urban air pollution is generated by transportation, while virtually all the remainder are due to other petroleum-using activities.

• We have shown how pollution taxes on both goods can affect factor returns, goods' prices, urban unemployment, and social welfare for the economy.