The numbers of gamekeepers returned in the decennial censuses is a useful surrogate measure of this.
References to affrays with poaching colliers frequently appear in the portraits of gamekeepers in this journal.
There is no accurate data on other estates close to the study area, but cases reported by the gamekeepers were sporadic rather than massive.
He questions the distinction between subsistence and commerce while offering examples of poachers turned gamekeepers and gamekeepers colluding with poachers.
Data from private and government gamekeepers regarding the number of livestock in each study area were obtained through personal interviews.
In the southern lakeland, gamekeepers use traps on badgers.
Where traps have failed, hunts are being called out to help gamekeepers, farmers, water bailiffs and fishery managers.
They work in harmony with gamekeepers and with water bailiffs.