Comparable units (bridge : future, men : wolves) partially converge and partially diverge, exhibiting "fractional congruence" - by-degrees likeness-unlikeness between text-partials.
As a consequence, infection of wolves by the cestode would be unlikely during spring and summer.
Transmission to humans occurs when eggs of the tapeworm, excreted by the final hosts (usually foxes but also dogs, wolves and cats), are ingested accidentally.
These authors report an independent sylvatic cycle between wolves (the most adapted definitive host) and large ungulates.
Trichinella larvae were detected in the diaphragm muscle tissue of six wolves.
Occurrence of the metacestode in deer, however, can be expected when the herds coexist with wolves.
Thereupon, the wolves prey on reindeer as available or consume other animals.
There were big populations of larger mammals such as elk, deer, bears, wolves and wild boar.
