Voorbeelden van valvulae

• After the thickened cuticle of the post-oesophageal lumen wall, the cuticle folds to form the outlet valves, 'valvulae', with attached, controlling oblique muscles.

• There is general consensus of monophyly in this superorder, based on reduction of the second valvulae, an ovipositor derived from the gonoplac, and an enlarged precostal region on the forewing.