Thus, larval migration in rodents may be used in infectivity studies not requiring patency.
In transposition and total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, maintaining ductal patency is not usually of much benefit.
The haemodynamic consequences for the lungs, nonetheless, can be comparable to that produced by patency of the arterial duct.
Since the umbrella can easily be dislodged immediately after initial implantation, immediate closure of residual ductal patency must not be attempted.
Mean follow-up of 24 months in all survivors revealed normal growth and adequate patency of the anastomoses in all.
Recatheterization after 6 months confirmed patency of that pulmonary artery.
The recognition of this antigen may therefore be a marker of patency.
In these cases, depending on the cardiac defect, either the pulmonary or systemic circulation is dependent on the patency of the arterial duct.
