No-till plots received a pre-seed burn-off using glyphosate herbicide.
Applications of nonresidual pesticides (such as glyphosate) are permitted prior to crop emergence.
Evidence of human and animal toxicity of the most frequently applied herbicides-atrazine for corn and glyphosate for soybeans-has raised concerns about their widespread use15-17.
Maize engineered to be glyphosate-tolerant can be planted in rotation with soybean crops for example, when previously this was not feasible.
Like other farmers, he finds glyphosate much safer.
Weeds were controlled with glyphosate every six to eight weeks in the rainy season and every 10 weeks in the dry season.
Biomass from black oat, rye, wheat, and fallow plots was measured immediately before glyphosate application in all years.
No-till treatments were sprayed with glyphosate at 2 l ha71 to eradicate any standing vegetation during the week before planting.
