Voorbeelden van ratchet

• Most handbrakes need about four clicks on the ratchet -if yours takes much more, a garage should adjust it.

• Catapults were loaded and cocked by means of large wheels with ratchets.

• Walnut leaves have a jagged sawtooth edge rather like a ratchet.

• the ratchets of a deckchair

• How complex a cultural repertoire could possibly ratchet up, without primate manual dexterity?

• A popular explanation holds that large green jurisdictions have been forcing their trading partners to trade or ratchet up their regulation.

• We also examine the rate of the ratchet when there are two classes of mutation of similar but unequal effects on fitness.

• Increased dominance also, of course, reduces the rate of the ratchet, because selection reduces the frequency of mutations even when they are heterozygous.

• For each mean incoming s the region above the triangles will have a drive to the ratchet.

• The translocation involves a ' ratchet-like ' rotation of the small subunit with respect to the large subunit.

• The rate of the ratchet is the reciprocal of this time.

• Although increasing migration does slow the ratchet down, its speed is always higher in the structured population, for all values of m tested.

• The same will be true if the ratchet has advanced sufficiently far that a substantial proportion of loci are fixed within haploid sets.

• We have introduced in our random-network model these events in order to assess how important extinction is for the speed of the ratchet.

• If this least-loaded class is lost in the whole population, a click of the ratchet is recorded.

• All other parameters act only as scaling factors and do not influence the operation of the ratchet.

• This is described as a ' ratchet ' process because only back-mutation can reverse it.

• Medical cost control has followed a ratchet-like pattern quite different from the zigzag of change and reversal seen in some other areas of health policy.

• The figure shows large populations needing a mutation rate only slightly larger than the mean incoming s to ensure a drive to the ratchet.