Association of genetic variation of the transforming growth factor alpha gene with cleft lip and palate.
Lincoln suffered from what one modern commentator has called a complex speech and language disorder related to some form of a cleft lip or palate.
His cardiac lesion and bilateral cleft lip and palate had been antenatally diagnosed by ultrasonography at 20 weeks gestation.
Because of the controversy surrounding these issues, cleft lip and palate surgery is the subject of planned multi-centre clinical trials with long-term follow-up.
The author used a mail survey to explore how plastic surgeons handle the issue of prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip and palate.
For example, doctors usually regard cleft lip and palate, which can be found in pregnancy (by ultrasound), as an example of a mild malformation.
The relative prevalence of cleft lip alone varies however, both within and between different racial groups.
Failure of these processes may cause a cleft lip.
