Voorbeelden van biomarker

• Such a system would ultimately report biomarker expression as molecules per-cell or unit-area.

• This suggests that small amounts of kerogen may be used as a biomarker for silicified filamentous features composed primarily of oxide minerals.

• Molecular biology techniques based on the specificity of biological recognition (bio-affinity) have been extensively developed for biomarker detection (nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, other metabolites).

• The majority of these studies have employed proteomics as a tool for biomarker discovery rather than for the exploration of underlying molecular mechanisms.

• Unfortunately, the coverage was brief and confined to ' ' conventional ' ' planetary instrumentation only, but nonetheless stressed the difficult nature of biomarker definition.

• This paper presents a simple mathematical model for gas-phase biomarker release and compares it to experimental data from endolithic microbial communities.

• However, parasites which also affect the physiological homeostasis of their hosts, and thus may alter biomarker reactions, are usually ignored in environmental research.

• Various concentrations of b-carotene in the matrix were investigated to determine the detection limits of this biomarker.