0 another word for past participle
Past participle (or perfect participle) is formed by addition of "-ta" to the stem.
This means that instead of "while" and "as", "after" and "when" are the conjunctions in translations, or a perfect participle is applied and not a present one.
Optative is in its form identical to the perfect participle.
Consequently, regular preterites may be formed by suffixing agreement markers to a ' past ' stem in -t, while perfect participles are formed by prefixing ge-.