0 the form of a verb, usually made by adding -ed, used in some grammatical structures such as the passive and the present perfect:
The past participle of "cook" is "cooked".
1 a form of a verb that is used to show past action or to make perfect tenses and adjectives:
In English, the perfect is formed with 'have' and the past participle of the verb.
In Standard American, 'gotten' is used as a past participle of 'get'.
The past participle is used to form the passive.
Some adjectives are formed from past participles, like for example 'broken' in 'a broken leg'.
Some past participles are irregular, such as 'given', 'made' or 'seen'.
This is formed with a form of the verb "have" and a past participle.
Words are also linked by morphologically derived relations: pertainym or past participle.
Other things being equal, we expect a verb to have a nominalization, just as we expect it to have a past participle.
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