Examples of occlusion

• Initial studies on in-utero tracheal occlusion were undertaken by tracheal ligation,111 using clipping of the fetal trachea.

• Also, additional procedures, such as balloon dilatation of stenotic pulmonary arteries or occlusion of systemic-to-pulmonary or venous-to-left atrial channels can be performed if required.

• Before the repeated attempts at transcatheter occlusion, all 14 patients underwent clinical reassessment, with repeated electrocardiograms and chest x-rays.

• Further extensive experimental investigation has allowed the process of tracheal occlusion to be refined by several groups.

• But occlusion of the aural never quite succeeds because voice leaves material remainders.

• Yet, with occlusion, important systemic venous collateral channels were seen connecting to the pulmonary veins.

• Three patients with a continuous murmur six months after the procedure underwent complete occlusion using a second device.

• The late mortality is usually due to occlusion of the shunts, which is normally independent of the underlying cardiac lesion.