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Metacognition is considered one of humans' most sophisticated cognitive capacities.
In the end, everyone agrees that pigeons show (so far) almost no capacity for metacognition.
Metacognition must be about a retrieved representation, a mental event, or some cognitive entity, not about an external stimulus.
Such distinctions might also refine the construct of metacognition and define the boundaries of metacognitive abilities.
The three possibilities predict different comparative maps regarding metacognition and theory of mind.
The strategy instruction was generally explicit and students' metacognition was developed through a variety of consciousness-raising activities.
The results of this study provide some empirical support for the hypothesised links between selfdetermination theory, self-regulated learning, learner autonomy, and metacognition.
This preview may be especially important in the domain of comparative metacognition for this reason.
All agree that pigeons failed this test of metacognition.