0 two chromosomes (= cell parts that control what an animal or plant is like), one from the father and one from the mother, that come together during meiosis (= cell division that happens as part of reproduction) --
Two molecular processes generating variability have been proposed : replication slippage due to slipped-strand mispairing and unequal recombination between homologous chromosomes (or chromatids).
We further suggest that selection may act on the difference in size between the two alleles borne by homologous chromosomes in a diploid individual.
This implies that diploid individuals tend to ' mask ' deleterious mutations with ' normal ' alleles carried on the homologous chromosomes.
These events include the migration of the spindle, disassembly of microtubules, the separation of homologous chromosomes, and the formation and extrusion of the polar body.
The recessive mutation tufted was used as a reliable genetic marker to trace transmission of the homologous chromosomes.
The infinitesimal model reduces to the continuum of alleles model if there is no recombination between homologous chromosomes.
Bivalents are formed as two homologous chromosomes undergo recombination.
Balancer chromosomes can be used as a genetic tool to prevent crossing over (genetic recombination) between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
