Какво означава rigorous на английски?

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rigorous Значение & определение

0 careful to look at or consider every part of something to make certain it is correct or safe:
- rigorous testing/checking/methods
1 controlling behaviour in a severe way:
- the rigorous controls governing the sale of shares
2 severe or difficult, esp. because at a high level:
- rigorous standards of accuracy
- The Manhattan district attorney’s office had a pretty rigorous training program.
3 detailed and careful:
- I want rigorous financial analysis of the options.
- The selection process is extremely rigorous.
4 strict or severe:
- A rigorous monetary and fiscal policy should encourage efficiency.
- Refrigeration of food, improved hygiene and rigorous standards in the food industry prevent gastro-intestinal infections.

In the epidemiological literature, however, insomnia tends to be defined using a variety of approaches, ranging from rigorous diagnostic algorithms, to single questionnaire items.
The use of regression models, such as multilevel modeling, potentially provides a rigorous means of modeling variation in cost-effectiveness between centers or countries (13).
The treatment of linearised rules in the rest of the section, though rigorous, will not be too formal.
The style of writing is rigorous and clear, and the material is well organized.
The aim is to provide insight into the more rigorous formalization that will be provided in the following sections.
Our task-based approach is presented in view of a rigorous mathematically-based optimization formulation, where cost functions characterizing human performance measures are implemented.
Rigorous validation and quality control procedures have been imposed throughout the development course.
Unfortunately, rigorous scientific data are lacking on the efficacy and effectiveness to justify medical practice.