by Значение & определение

Значение на by на български

• 0 used to show the person or thing that does something:

  • The motorcycle was driven by a tiny bald man.

  • We were amazed by what she told us.

  • I'm reading some short stories (written) by Chekhov.

  • The book was translated by a well-known author.

  • I felt frightened by the anger in his voice.

• 1 used to show how something is done:

  • They travelled across Europe by train/car.

  • She did the decorating (all) by herself (= alone, without help from anyone).

  • We went in by (= through) the front door.

  • Do you want to be paid in cash or by cheque?

  • He learned English by listening to the radio.

  • Suddenly, she grabbed him by the arm (= took hold of this part of his body).

  • I refuse to live by (= following) their rules.

• 2 near or at the side of:

  • A small child stood sullenly by her side.

  • He wanted to keep her close by him always.

  • The policewoman walked by (= past) them without saying a word.

• 3 not later than; at or before:

  • She had promised to be back by five o'clock.

  • The application must be in by the 31st to be accepted.

  • By the time I got to the station the train had already gone.

• 4 used to show measurements or amounts:

  • Our office floor space measured twelve metres by ten (= was twelve metres in one direction and ten in the other).

  • Their wages were increased by 15 percent.

  • Freelance workers are paid by the hour (= for every hour they work).

  • These phones have sold by the thousand (= several thousand have been sold).

  • The death toll from the hurricane was climbing minute by minute/by the minute.

  • The credibility of the campaign has deterioriated month by month/by the month.

  • a minute-by-minute timeline of the incident

  • The book paints a detailed, week-by-week portrait of his father's illness.

• 5 during:

  • We travelled by night and rested by day.

• 6 used when describing someone's character, job, etc.:

  • She is, by nature, a sunny, positive kind of person.

  • He's a plumber by trade.

  • She was, by profession, a lawyer.

• 7 If something is all right/fine by someone, they agree that it can happen:

  • "I'd rather go later." "That's fine by me."

  • If it's all right by you, I'd like to leave now.

• 8 at the side of or (in distance or time) past:

  • The policewoman walked by without saying a word.

  • Why don't you call in for a cup of coffee next time you're passing by?

  • The years flew by.

• 9 used to show the person or thing that causes something to happen or to exist:

  • The car was driven by a short, bald man.

  • I’m reading some short stories by Chekhov.

  • I took her umbrella by mistake.

• 10 used to show how something is done:

  • They thought about flying to Boston but decided to go by car.

  • She did the repair work by herself (= without help).

  • Do you want to be paid in cash or by check?

  • He learned English by listening to the radio.

• 11 according to:

  • By my watch, it’s 2 o’clock.

  • The students were listed by name.

• 12 not later than; at or before:

  • She promised to be back by 10 p.m.

• 13 used to show measurements or amounts:

  • Their wages increased by 12%.

  • The room measures 15 feet by 20 feet.

• 14 during:

  • We traveled by night and rested by day.

• 15 near, beside, or (in distance or time) past:

  • A small child stood quietly by her side.

  • Claire waved as she drove by.

  • As time went by, she became more attached to him.