The duration of the regurgitant flow varied but in no valves did it occupy the whole systole or diastole.
For the great vessels and the arterial valves this was in systole.
Venous waveforms in the inferior vena cava and ductus venosus are triphasic with peaks corresponding to maximum systolic velocity, maximum diastolic velocity and atrial systole.
It is interesting, however, that they measured the diameter of the infundibulum during systole and could, therefore, have used undersized balloons.
This conduit closes during atrial systole, but reopens through the rest of the cardiac cycle.
For calculation of ejection fraction, the largest and smallest ventricular areas were taken as diastole and systole respectively.
The maximum and minimum diameter of the infundibulum at the hinge point of the leaflets were obtained from different frames during diastole and systole.
The peak velocities during left ventricular systole and diastole, their ratio, as well as of the reverse flow at end-diastole were calculated.