0 replacing someone else or used instead of something else -- 替代的；代理的
1 something that replaces or is used instead of something else -- 替代；代理
Some surrogates need to review what the patient and/or family has experienced in the past with end of life issues.
Whilst the dependency burden from unmarried children decreased with parental age, surrogate parenthood of grandchildren showed no appreciable decline with age.
This may not be possible within a trial setting, and the assessment of surrogate endpoints should then be considered.
In addition, they usually use results based on surrogate or intermediate endpoints to obtain the final endpoints.
There might be reason to probe a little further with a surrogate decisionmaker who is refusing pain medications on behalf of a patient.
For those patients who did want to be resuscitated, 16% of surrogates believed they did not.
Given that disorganized attachment is associated with negative long-term outcomes, foster placement with nonnurturing surrogate caregivers appears to be problematic.
Participants spoke of the time they spent with neighbours' children, some even described this relationship as being like a surrogate grandparent.
