Many saplings survived the attack, whereas most seedlings had died already.
Differences between the two distances decreased with age for trees, but persisted for saplings and seedlings along the chronosequence.
Singlestemmed saplings can divert resources to maximizing rates of vertical extension.
Dominant, co-dominant, upper mid-canopy, lower mid-canopy and understorey strata (tree saplings only) are represented.
A high sapling density and a dense herbaceous layer characterize the forest floor.
Open circles are for the saplings on the edge of the path, filled circles for those in the understorey.
Thus, crown traits, response rates of crown traits, and rates of light fluctuations might influence future growth and survival of saplings in the understorey.
For saplings and seedlings we calculated density and basal area only.
