0 involving watching someone or something carefully and closely, in order to learn something -- 观察的，观测的
This observational study included patient-rated and clinicianrated scales administered twice at 4-week intervals.
Examining the role of parental frightened/frightening subtypes in predicting disorganized attachment within a brief observational procedure.
In addition, with such an approach, critics can legitimately question the exclusion of nonrandomized or observational studies.
Another potential problem with observational studies such as ours is that for many species the juveniles are likely to be clumped around adult trees.
The observational interpretation of specifications and refinements adds expressive power and flexibility, but introduces some subtle problems.
Their system proves fewer program transformations as equalities, requiring instead the more difficult notion of observational equivalence.
Local stability is also preserved under observational equivalence of constructions, which is defined as follows.
Specifically, it is likely that experimental data will be needed to replicate and extend the current findings based here on observational data.
