The hydraulic valve is a low-cost closed-centre four-way propotional valve.
The illusion of conscious will can be also harnessed towards a low-cost and noninvasive therapeutic means.
The main challenge in this environment is the need to achieve precision operation at high speed with low-cost sensing and actuation.
But this will only make sense with low-cost treatments, and those are not the important costs.
For low-cost mass production it is necessary to employ technology which allows production of coatings with a high deposition rate on large-area substrates.
High-cost firms may stay away from highly regulated regions and are more sensitive to regulation than low-cost firms.
For analytical convenience, we divide participants' claims into high-cost demands and low-cost demands.
Paradoxically, therefore, low-cost chemotherapy may be most appropriate to the more developed countries with higher standards of sanitation.
