0 white material that collects inside water pipes, kettles, etc. in areas where the water is hard (= contains a lot of natural chemicals) -- 水垢
A homemade remedy is to immerse it in a solution of water and vinegar for a while, since the vinegar is able to dissolve limescale.
Precipitation fouling is a very common problem in boilers and heat exchangers operating with hard water and often results in limescale.
Limescale may foul the system over time and require periodic acid cleaning.
Some kettles have built-in filters, primarily to reduce limescale buildup.
They are commonly used as descaling agents to remove limescale deposits.
Formic acid is also used in place of mineral acids for various cleaning products, such as limescale remover and toilet bowl cleaner.
It is frequently used for removing rust and limescale, replacing the more volatile and irritating hydrochloric acid, which is however cheaper.
Other than being unsightly and harder to clean, limescale seriously impairs the operation or damages various components.
