Measures must be taken to protect the world's depleted elephant population.
In the past eight years, the elephant population in Africa has been halved.
Even worse : on the ground there has hardly been any implication for borders, other than the release of elephants and other wildlife.
In conclusion, this species appears to be promoted by elephants, but can thrive without them.
In conclusion, the species can regenerate without elephants, but may have in the past been dispersed mostly by elephants.
Conversely, when graze is limited there will be higher utilization of acacias by elephants but also fires of low intensity.
Utilizing the nutritional needs of elephants, two low-cost strategies could be used to reduce crop-raiding behaviour.
Since other herbivores determine to a large extent the availability of grasses, they are likely to influence the decision of elephants to feed on browse.
