0 a serious infection of the bowels caused by drinking infected water or eating infected food, causing diarrhoea, vomiting, and often death -- 霍乱
Lysogenic conversion by filamentous phage encoding cholera toxin.
Lysogenic conversion by a filamentous phage encoding cholera toxin.
With starvation rampant, disease soon festered, and cholera and typhoid epidemics added to the already high fatalities.
The pre- and post-embarkation procedures, and especially the period of quarantine were thus regarded as essential to the containment of plague and cholera.
The country suffered the re-emergence of diseases such as cholera in 1994 and poliomyelitis in 1996 -1997.
Since 1817, seven cholera pandemics have been recorded.
Secondly, deaths attributable to cholera, smallpox and even some to 'fever' were due to epidemics unrelated to the famine.
One might ask, should polio vaccination or cholera control take precedence in refugee camps?
