Often present are fragmented fish and animal bones, carbonized shell, charcoal, ash, and other waste products, all embedded in a sequence of soil that has been deposited atop the hearth.
The charcoal used in chanoyu for the most part is made of chestnut-leaved oak ("kunugi"), carbonized by long hours of smoldering in a kiln.
A fine-grained, crudely stratified and reversely graded zone (30 cm thick) containing rare carbonized twig and leaf fragments occurs at the base.
The discovery of food processing tools and carbonized seeds suggest that these people were growing much of their food.
During sintering, the binders either burn off or carbonize and form a crystalline structure between the carbon, copper and other additives.
Within the chamber, the matrix containing the sherds was dark black and appeared to consist of almost pure carbonized material with little soil intermixing.
The scrolls are badly carbonized, but a large number have been unrolled, with varying degrees of success.
The palynomorphs are, in general, poorly preserved, moderately carbonized, brown to dark brown, and often pyrite-impregnated.
