One of the major problems facing modern biologists is to find a plausible (or least unlikely) hypothesis that explains the origin of life.
Understanding the evolution of progenesis in trematodes is thus an important challenge for evolutionary biologists and parasitologists.
They tend to be dismissed by the biologists.
In the absence of such complicated computations it is up to biologists to assess the credibility of parameter combinations that lead to extinctions.
An unfortunate gulf between these research workers and the biologists existed then, for the latter part of the nineteenth century.
As several biologists have noted, altruistic individuals may add to population fitness even if they are individually unfit.
These grassroots ventures and speculative forays of biologists into the terra incognita of cybernetics certainly conveyed a growing interest.
Each of the expeditions had one or more biologist, geologist, meteorologist, and physicist to carry out scientific programs.
