0 willingness to do things that bring advantages to others, even if it results in disadvantage for yourself -- 利他主义；无私
She's not known for her altruism. 她并不是一个无私的人。
The relationship between altruism and self-control may be understood as similar discounting processes for extrinsic reinforcement, social and temporal.
But a third pattern might be to attempt to find somewhat more complex rules about whether altruism is in your long-run self-interest.
How could anything so infuriatingly nebulous possibly elucidate egoism or altruism?
This perspective suggests further tests of whether altruism is a type of self-control, including brain imaging, induced affect, and dual-task studies.
Due taxes were reckoned in proportion to one's income, whereas voluntary undertaking of public expenditures, called 'liturgies', depended on one's wealth and sense of altruism.
But it is not possible to determine that a separate altruism mechanism exists by the absence of reinforcement (immediate or delayed) of particular altruistic acts.
The explanatory tale is that some people have been collecting delayed or long-term rewards for altruism or other forms of self-controlled behavior.
I believe our understanding of altruism will be advanced best through models that integrate the contributions of different theoretical orientations.
