Ví dụ về immunity

• A good model system for studies on invertebrate immunity is the investigation of immunity to parasites.

• Examination of eels on day 112 revealed no indication for acquired immunity resulting from the primary infection.

• The presence of dead parasites may not confer an acquired immunity to re-infection.

• For example, as the prevalence in dogs becomes lower the probability of immunity on exposure is decreased.

• The next step is to extend these analyses to a more realistic model having both natural immunity and vaccine effects.

• Above 20 % immunity the number of cases required increases dramatically.

• The pathogenesis of necrotic proliferative colitis in swine is linked to whipworm induced suppression of mucosal immunity to resident bacteria.

• We do not know exactly what the levels of effective immunity are in the population.

• The increased levels of immunity in young children after the campaign will reduce the risk of exposure of susceptible women to rubella.

• However, adolescents in our study had a lower level of immunity than has been reported for some other countries.

• Age-associated alterations have also been observed in the cells responsible for innate immunity.

• Waning of natural immunity occurs at a per capita rate, v, represented by a horizontal left to right movement along rows.

• However, since the virus induces poor protective immunity, reinfection throughout life is common.

• However, in the village dog population the best fit was the nested model with no acquired protective immunity.

• Most experts agree that acquired protective immunity against the asexual bloodstages has, in addition, some variant-transcending component(s).