Ví dụ về electoral

• High valence parties will contest the electoral centre, but will not, in fact, position themselves at the electoral mean.

• Thus, the latter method is more appropriate to appraise a party's regional electoral strength.

• Here we define a party's regional strength as its relative electoral performance in a region compared to its national performance.

• In the end this elaborate process has so far sustained the electoral dominance of the two national parties.

• About 60 other parties also joined the electoral contest, both within and outside the major contending alliances.

• A particularly sensitive issue concerns the registration of voters and the respective roles of the electoral commission and the interior ministry.

• First, how do the opportunities for private gain differ in different electoral systems?

• Chapter five is again a rather theoretical one because the author deals with different types of policy and policy-making, policy analysis and electoral systems.

• This weakness depended in part on structural attributes, especially levels of electoral competition.

• Low turnout thus reflects a paucity of choices or a lack of evident connection between electoral choice and policy change.

• The clear lines of electoral accountability created by parliamentary systems also greatly raised the stakes of visible opposition to a national program.

• Until recently, a central characteristic of the study of twentieth-century electoral change among historians has been its strong emphasis on national, parliamentary politics.

• First, there appear to be significant differences in electoral security between junior and senior members.

• An empirical analysis demonstrates that increases in democratic quality, measured independently from electoral activities, tend to be stronger directly after elections than in non-electoral periods.

• The literature on electoral systems and turnout has proposed several paths linking efficacy and turnout to the electoral system.