challenger nghĩa là gì

Ví dụ về challenger

• If so, the incumbent remains, and the challenger adapts another new platform.

• His arguments on each of these issues were not, ultimately, concerned with the merits of one or another of the challengers' claims.

• This result is somewhat misleading because of the inclusion of an interaction term containing the challenger party variable.

• For the challenger, experiencing a positive payoff outcome requires that the defender submit to his demands without fighting too much.

• As a result, the incumbent must spend more resources in order to match the challenger's offer.

• These potential challengers decide one by one whether to enter the market in their home cities.

• A leader thwarts a challenge if she either retains a winning coalition or prevents the challenger from assembling a winning coalition.

• According to him, incumbent politicians in democracies have to fear that challengers mobilise disaffected voters.