In the case of publicly-owned uplands, this was carried out by private firms who were conceded exploitation rights by the state or local authorities.
In the 15 plots of 0.1 ha established in the well-drained uplands, 81 families, 310 genera and 1124 species were found.
This resulted in a reallocation of time away from forest clearing and hillside farming in the uplands, thereby reducing rates of deforestation.
By perpetuating poverty in rural areas they encouraged population movement to crowded cities and to ecologically fragile uplands.
Individual transects were distributed in space within each site sampling across several uplands in deciduous forest, while in riparian forest transects were across different streams.
Locally rare species (with only one individual in a plot) occurred mostly in well-drained uplands.
Thirteen species occurred in only one plot (9 in the riparian zone and 4 in the uplands).
These included growing the cereal as a rain-fed crop on uplands, in inland swamps, and along river floodplains.
