unpaid是什么意思

双语用例

• Such predominance of women in this sector means that, in effect, paid formal care is far more gender skewed than unpaid informal care.

• The unpaid category consists of individuals in household work, people who are unemployed, students, beggars, elderly and retired people.

• Prices of informal care were based on shadow prices for unpaid work (meaning a standardized cost price based on general hourly wages).

• Nurses are often resentful of this additional and unpaid demand on their time.

• Most start by understating the problem of remuneration, some going as far as volunteering for unpaid work.

• Like housewives, older people may be exploited if they provide unpaid domestic labour, whether in child-care or in the care of other aged family members.

• We first calculated the total amount of time actually spent in unpaid household labour by all the people in a person's household combined.

• In this way, the household's necessary time in unpaid household labour would increase.