For the arterial trunks, this is an easy matter, since the pattern of branching permits ready distinction of an aorta from a pulmonary trunk.
This embolized to the pulmonary artery, was retrieved and replaced with an 8 mm coil.
This surgical approach is straightforward in its application, and reduces the impact of anomalies of systemic and pulmonary venous connection.
In conclusion, otherwise unexplained hemoptysis should raise the question of pulmonary venous atresia.
Rather than simply closing the septal defect, relieving the pulmonary stenosis, and performing an atrial switch, univentricular repair was preferred in these patients.
The baffle directing the pulmonary venous blood to the tricuspid, and the systemic venous blood to the mitral valve, could be identified in all patients.
Ventilation was required for four days after the operation, after which the pulmonary edema had resolved.
Within one week, the child clinically improved; pulmonary function were normal after 6 weeks and radiographic abnormalities resolved.
