There are two main justifications for this particular civic patriotic concern.
The patterns of those acts (patriotic, ethical, altruistic), perhaps supported during their formation by a scaffold of extrinsic reinforcement, must be highly valuable in themselves.
The war and patriotic songs were taught to encourage vitality and courage.
In so doing, they were motivated as much by self-interest as patriotic duty.
Such hagiographies endeavoured to establish virtuous pedigrees for putatively nationalist figures by linking them through blood or sentiment to various patriotic forbearers.
Emulation of foreign models was always tempered by patriotic priorities and the dictates of local circumstances, necessarily resulting in intellectual hybridity.
The available evidence suggests, however, that where performers tried overtly patriotic material there was little laughter in response.
It extended from social activism designed to ensure survival to a personal engagement in the political or patriotic struggle.
