Hence, our second objective is to test whether timing conditions the influence of grade retention beyond grade school.
So they study and apply what they are learning together, as they are used to doing in grade school.
The level of education was dichotomised into ' no more than grade school' (corresponding to about 6-8 years of education) or 'beyond grade school'.
For them the prospect of entering the adult world is more proximate and tangible than for a grade school child.
High school students and adults include far more present tense statements in their narratives than grade school and junior high school children.
Thus, even by the end of the grade school years, children had not quite achieved adult level performance on the grammaticality judgment task.
The current study shows that grade school aged children can be successfully modeled by adults under memory stress.
Education is classified into three categories, no more than grade school, no more than high school, and beyond high school.