Most sanitation systems for human excreta are on-site facilities, including latrines, non-sewered public toilets and septic tanks.
Damage to tobacco is caused by the insect larvae that eat stored leaves and contaminate the product with excreta and body oils.
An estimate of the prevalence of infection in rabbits and their excreta is also reported.
Few studies have investigated either the level of faecal contamination by rabbits on farms with a paratuberculosis problem, or the potential infectivity of rabbit excreta.
Fleas in the act of feeding frequently eject excreta which may be loaded with the flagellates in the infective stage.
Some elephant seals also occur on the island outside the breeding/moulting period but excreta production at that period has not been measured.
He therefore concluded that the mode of infection is contaminative through the tick's excreta and not active through its proboscis.
Humans are thought to be infected by inhalation of aerosolized rodent excreta.
