0 the cutting down of trees in a large area, or the destruction of forests by people -- 大面積砍伐森林；人為毀林
The common assumption that if there is national deforestation, then there is a felt need to plant trees, needs to be reexamined.
The lack of a precise measure of the appropriate deforestation process is a serious limitation of previous studies on the topic.
This would require massive deforestation around the world, and conversion of many fragile hillsides and drylands to cropping for which they are environmentally unsuitable.
Chapter 1, written by the editors, opens by describing the scope of the book and the role of local institutions in deforestation.
Using observed past deforestation, we find that while risk-targeted payments are far more efficient, capped flat payments are more egalitarian.
Damage inflicted by upstream deforestation on downstream farmers without compensation is an example of the former.
For example, what factors are the leading causes for tropical deforestation, and what global policy agendas can be adopted to halt this process most effectively?
Fuel wood from improved fallows on far m may provide a means to conserve the natural vegetation, which is under threat due to deforestation.
