Citizens have single-peaked preferences over policy outcomes, represented by a concave utility function that attains a maximum at the citizen's ideal point xi.
Then the adjacent bubble surfaces would be circular arcs concave upward.
Note that, in this framework, an equal distribution of income would indeed be recommended under the unlikely conditions of people having identical, concave utility functions.
Therefore, a concave body may be virtually cut into several convex subbodies at the stage of creating the geometry model of the body.
Increasing (componentwise, directionally) concave orders are defined analogously.
Firstly, note that with a concave tax schedule, the tax burden rises relatively steeply when pollution levels are low.
Specifically, latency of a discriminative response, like probability of generalization, falls off according to a decreasing, concave-upward function of distance between stimuli in representational space.
Thus, virtual extension consists of transforming the convex faces in the second and third classes into concave faces by generating virtual links.
