0 to take away the confidence, hope etc of -- ทำให้หมดกำลังใจ
1 to try to prevent (by showing disapproval etc) -- ขัดขวาง
She discouraged all his attempts to get to know her.
2 (with from) to persuade against -- ทำให้ท้อแท้
However, there very likely is a scarcity of specie, which generates inefficiency and discourages production.
Teachers are encouraged to do research; however, they are quickly discouraged from any sort of replication.
The ' institution of transfer ', in my view, should as far as possible be discouraged.
A policy environment had been established that discouraged savings and investment, and made rentseeking a basic requirement of daily survival.
Therefore, weaker intellectual protection discourages the first kind of creativity to the advantage of the second.
Thus, an increase in 0 raises the fixed costs of learning and discourages switching.
Vehicles are strongly discouraged from approaching closer than 50 m from seals, and closer approaches should be on foot.
Competition among asset managers is discouraged if their main function is to meet quantitative asset restrictions.
