Such energy barrier can be due to steric or electrostatic repulsions.
Hydrolysis relieves some of these electrostatic repulsions as well, liberating useful energy in the process.
The analysis of the curves determined that the staggered conformation had no connection to the amount of electrostatic repulsions within the molecule.
Lone pair bond pair repulsions change the bond angle from the tetrahedral angle to a slightly lower value.
Simplex-simplex and duplex-duplex repulsion linkages have much larger expected standard errors.
The simplex-simplex coupling pairs are most reliable, whereas the simplex- simplex repulsion pairs and duplex-duplex pairs in any configuration but coupling are least reliable.
Electrostatic repulsion of positively charged vesicles and negatively charged objects.
The dynamics of the vortices is quite complicated and includes attraction, repulsion, merging and splitting of vortices.
