ตัวอย่าง fern

• Horsetails and ferns are a monophyletic group and the closest living relatives to seed plants.

• These taxa comprise cycads, lycopods and ferns (although not all ferns are restricted to humid settings).

• The species composition and the numbers of individuals and species of oribatid mites in the litter were affected by the size of the ferns.

• Elements of the local mire vegetation, fern spores and other palynomorphs were not included in the pollen sum.

• Both white mangrove and leather fern can become dominant in disturbed areas, which may explain their increased representation.

• The resulting channel bars will have provided more extensive areas of clastic substrates, which will have favoured the fern-pteridosperm complex.

• In the ferns, this evidence can be enhanced by additional data from reproductive organs.

• Understorey plants were not identified to species, but were categorized as herbs, ferns, herbaceous vines, palms, t rees and lianas.

• We have tried to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the bare soil practice, starting from a soil occupied by a thick cover of ferns.

• Out of this subset, we randomly selected 20 ferns from which to make water collections.

• The meandering facies generally have greater abundance of liverworts and ferns (that is, moisture loving forms).

• The macroscopic forms of aquatic vegetation denoted as aquatic macrophytes include macroalgae, some species of ferns and angiosperms inhabiting a wetland.

• Environmental triggers of fertility are discussed and phenological patterns are compared with ferns and angiosperms from other habitats.

• This suggests that epiphytes should have a greater opportunity to establish on angiosperm trees than on tree ferns.

• Its objective is to examine whether fungal and fern spores can survive the harsh environmental conditions in space during a long-term stay.