ตัวอย่าง deflationary

• The deflationary policies enacted in response to the depression led to severe cutbacks in metropolitan army effectives in the early 1930s.

• The increase in poverty caused by adjustment comes largely from its deflationary effects, though these are reinforced by the consequences of devaluation in many economies.

• The resurgence of actual and prospective disinflation in industrialized countries has resulted in new interest in the possibility of self-fulfilling deflationary expectations.

• We show that when money growth equals the discount factor and there is satiation in real balances, deflationary bubbles cannot exist.

• We use these conditions to specify when (rational) deflationary bubbles can and cannot exist.

• We use our results to analyze when deflationary bubbles can and cannot exist.

• Very drastic action, tightening of fiscal policy and deflationary packages, would be needed to avoid this.

• Consequently, the contractionary effect of recessions is maximized on output, which moderates the deflationary effect on the price of the output produced in this industry.

• The resulting equilibrium terminal conditions are then used to demonstrate that the existence of bonds does not affect when deflationary bubbles can and cannot occur.

• In the next section we present a simple proof ruling out deflationary bubbles that requires no additional assumptions.

• It must not hinder growth or have a pronounced deflationary bias.

• Workers of many trades facing deflationary pressures were unsuccessful in obtaining legislative favor, even though they fell under the category of deserving poor.

• Deflationary pressures led firms to pay in over-priced goods, in effect cutting wages and altering wage contracts.

• He was concerned about its net deflationary effect and the possible impact on the dollar.

• This combined with the low level of business confidence in 1998 created deflationary pressures.