0 to heat an oven to a particular temperature before putting food in it -- предварительно нагревать
These subsequent tests also found no measurable difference in any diagnostics between wires preheated for 30 minutes and wires preheated for 8-12 hours.
At those energies, opacities are low and photons can propagate inward and preheat the base, reference and test materials steps.
Simulation of preheating effects in shock wave experiments.
Without preheating the jet would reach much higher velocity, as the jet is not stopped by the surrounding plasma.
The beam currents that are required for the discharge initiation are easily produced and do not preheat the fusion target.
This may result in no visible reduction of preheating effects when laser intensity is decreased.
In principle, we do expect that preheating effects to vanish going to sufficiently low laser intensities.
The left graph is the control target, the right the radiation preheated target.
