0 an unpleasant physical feeling caused by an illness or injury -- боль
1 sadness or mental suffering caused by an unpleasant event -- страдание, горе
2 to be annoying -- быть невыносимым, действовать на нервы
3 to make a lot of effort to do something -- стараться изо всех сил сделать что-либо
4 If something pains you, it makes you feel sad or upset. -- мучить, огорчать
[ + to do sth ] It pained him to see animals being treated so cruelly.
Against this background, it is remarkable that research on back pain, particularly research related to prevention, pain relief, and rehabilitation, is relatively limited in scope.
Intuitively, parents have always taken pains to assist their children in this task.
The peripheral target of these afferents is unknown, thus, their potential role in visceral pain is obscure.
The treatment pathways for acute chest pain are clearly defined.
There is probably no bigger issue for human and animal welfare than understanding and controlling pain and suffering.
Similarly, attempts to suppress pain expression can be understood as a function of the relationship between patient and caregiver.
We believe that the existing, well-established principles of behavior analysis are sufficient to account for the wide range of pain behavior phenomena.
Their discipline has been sufficient to cause pain at the micro level of everyday life for the children.
