Previous empirical tests of the pollution haven hypothesis provide mixed results.
In addition, the state had an interest in ensuring that the medreses would not become safe havens for draft dodgers.
The impact of trade appears to vary by pollutant, with only sulphur dioxide showing evidence of both factor endowment and pollution haven effects.
Many scholars also attribute the lack of evidence for pollution havens to the relatively small role that pollution abatement costs have in firms' location decisions.
The family as haven acquired a new meaning in the colonial context.
They had refused to leave home for the safe haven of a shelter, to the dismay of media pundits and authorities.
Nevertheless, being accepted by any such host country would imply the closure of other countries as haven.
The pollution haven hypothesis asserts that due to strict environmental protection in developed economies, pollution-intensive industries tend to move to developing countries.
